Imaging Glossary

Don't let technical terms stop you. We explain the complex world of digital imaging in simple, human language.

Lossless Compression

A method of reducing file size without losing a single pixel of data.

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Lossy Compression

Reduces file size by permanently deleting "unimportant" data.

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Alpha Channel

The data layer in an image that controls transparency.

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Compression Artifacts

Visible distortions caused by aggressive file compression.

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Bit Depth

The number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel.

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Vector vs Raster

The two fundamental ways computers draw images.

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Chroma Subsampling

A compression trick that lowers color resolution while keeping brightness.

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Metadata

Hidden data stored inside your image files.

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HEVC (H.265)

High Efficiency Video Coding - the brain behind HEIC.

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RAW Format

Unprocessed data directly from a camera sensor.

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DPI vs PPI

Dots Per Inch (Printers) vs Pixels Per Inch (Screens).

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HDR (High Dynamic Range)

A technique to capture the lightest lights and darkest darks.

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RGB vs CMYK

The difference between Light (Screens) and Ink (Printers).

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Aspect Ratio

The proportional relationship between width and height.

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Rasterization

Converting math (Vectors) into pixels (Bitmap).

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Raster Graphics

Images made up of a grid of pixels (like a mosaic).

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sRGB

The standard color language of the internet.

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Generation Loss

The loss of quality that happens every time you copy or save a file.

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Color Banding

Visible steps or lines in a gradient that should be smooth.

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Bayer Filter

The mosaic of red, green, and blue acting as your camera's eye.

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Demosaicing

The process of reconstructing a full-color image from raw sensor data.

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Moiré Pattern

Strange wavy lines that appear when photographing repetitive details.

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LUT (Look-Up Table)

A mathematical formula for swapping colors.

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Golden Hour

The first hour after sunrise and the last hour before sunset.

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Chromatic Aberration

Color fringing along high-contrast edges.

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F-Stop (Aperture)

The size of the hole in your lens that lets light in.

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ISO

How sensitive your camera sensor is to light.

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Shutter Speed

The length of time the camera sensor is exposed to light.

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White Balance

Adjusting colors so that white looks white.

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Depth of Field

The distance between the nearest and farthest objects that are in sharp focus.

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Bokeh

The aesthetic quality of the blur in the out-of-focus parts of an image.

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Dynamic Range

The ratio between the brightest and darkest parts of an image.

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Histogram

A graph showing the distribution of light and dark pixels.

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Clipping

When data is lost because it is too bright (Pure White) or too dark (Pure Black).

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Vignetting

Darkening of the image corners.

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Lens Distortion

When straight lines appear curved.

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